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Newton's 2nd Law of Motion & Kicking

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  Document Type: Lesson Plan
  Lesson Plan Type: Interactive Instruction
  Subject: Science,Physical Science, Physics
  Grade Level: 6,7,8,9
  Time: 1-2 days
  Last Updated: 11-09-2010
     
  Keywords:
     
     
 
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NBC Learn
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CALIFORNIA STATE STANDARDS ADDRESSED

Science/9/Physics
1.0 Newton's laws predict the motion of most objects. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how to solve problems that involve constant speed and average speed. b. Students know that when forces are balanced, no acceleration occurs; thus an object continues to move at a constant speed or stays at rest (Newton's first law). c. Students know how to apply the law F=ma to solve one-dimensional motion problems that involve constant forces (Newton's second law). d. Students know that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object always exerts a force of equal magnitude and in the opposite direction (Newton's third law). e. Students know the relationship between the universal law of gravitation and the effect of gravity on an object at the surface of Earth. f. Students know applying a force to an object perpendicular to the direction of its motion causes the object to change direction but not speed (e.g., Earth's gravitational force causes a satellite in a circular orbit to change direction but not speed). g. Students know circular motion requires the application of a constant force directed toward the center of the circle. h. * Students know Newton's laws are not exact but provide very good approximations unless an object is moving close to the speed of light or is small enough that quantum effects are important. i. * Students know how to solve two-dimensional trajectory problems. j. * Students know how to resolve two-dimensional vectors into their components and calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector from its components. k. * Students know how to solve two-dimensional problems involving balanced forces (statics). l. * Students know how to solve problems in circular motion by using the formula for centripetal acceleration in the following form: a=v2/r. m. * Students know how to solve problems involving the forces between two electric charges at a distance (Coulomb's law) or the forces between two masses at a distance (universal gravitation).
 
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Students will learn about Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion and how it applies to field goal kicking and punting. Students will analyze forces acting on a ball and determine whether the forces are unbalanced and whether the object is accelerating.
 
PROCEDURES
 
Goal(s):
  • To be able to understand and discuss Newton’s 2nd Law, force, impulse, and momentum.
  • To understand how these concepts apply to sports, such as football.
 
Specific Objectives:
Students will be able to:
  • Explain Newton’s 2nd Law, both verbally and mathematically
  • Explain impulse and momentum
  • Explain a net force
  • Analyze forces on an object
  • Draw force diagrams representing forces on an object
  • Discuss whether forces on an object are balanced or unbalanced
  • Use Online Physics Simulation software (PhET)
  • Build and play a game of paper football
 
Required Materials:
  • Computer and internet connection
  • Scrap paper (for paper football game)
  • Safety goggles
 
Anticipatory Set (Lead-in):
Ask the students to discuss what a force is (a push or a pull). Ask for examples in everyday life. Ask for examples of force in football. Ask if the students have ever kicked a football (or some other type of ball). What types of forces are pushing on the ball?

What can you do to make the ball go higher or farther?

Tell the students: “Today we will discuss how force affects kicking a football. “

Watch the NBC Learn video Newtons Second Law of Motion.
 
Lesson Plan Procedure:
Ask the students to discuss what a force is (a push or a pull). Ask for examples in everyday life. Ask for examples of force in football. Ask if the students have ever kicked a football (or some other type of ball). What types of forces are pushing on the ball?

What can you do to make the ball go higher or farther?

Tell the students: “Today we will discuss how force affects kicking a football. “
Introduce the concept of Newton’s 2nd Law. The students can be given the Reading Guide (see attached Resources) or the teacher can lead the discussion.

Force Diagrams
Discuss Force Diagrams and give the students the Force Diagrams Practice Worksheet (see attached Resources).
This can be introduced in class and given as homework. Set aside ample time to discuss this worksheet. Students often have misconceptions about forces and those can be addressed here. It is good to have the students do these on the whiteboard and share with the class during a classroom discussion.

Paper Football Activity
Obviously forces have a lot to do with football. But students probably should not play football in the classroom.

A fun way to play football anywhere and anytime is paper football (or finger football). It is a timeless classic, just like the real game of football. Also, it involves forces, just like the real game.

If you are not familiar with paper football, there are many tutorials on YouTube.com. A great one is:
Best How To Play Paper Football Tutorial Ever!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIlVe3yrMM0&feature=related

Now tell the students they are going to play paper football. Ask for a show of hands for all students who have played this before. Students will get paper and make paper footballs. They will then spend 10-15 minutes playing at their tables.

Tips:
  • For help playing the game see the video referenced above.
  • Students should wear safety glasses while playing this game, as field goal kicks could easily hit someone’s eye.
  • The teacher may want to have several footballs premade in order to save time. The students could also be assigned to make footballs at home the night before.

Online Force Simulation Game
Next, the students will play a crude online version of paper football. The goal here is to think about the forces involved on the paper football.

Click on the link below. The site hosts a Newton’s 2nd Law simulation, which can be useful for helping students learn about forces. After clicking on the link, click on the simulation image that appears on the screen.

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/forces-1d

The following link will take you to a video, which introduces a game (similar to paper football) that can be played using this site.

http://screencast.com/t/YmRjOTBk

Note: There are many other fun and useful simulations on the PhET website. Be sure to explore the other simulations available.

Give the students the Paper Football Diagrams Worksheet (see attached Resources). This can be given for homework. Be sure to discuss it the next day.

Quantitative Virtual Lab
Thus far, the discussion of Newton’s 2nd Law has been qualitative (no numbers or measurements). The next activity will allow students to do an online lab and take virtual measurements of force and acceleration. This activity can be considered optional or an extension, if necessary.

This activity is designed to be a fairly simple exploration of Newton’s 2nd Law. The students will note that as they increase the force, the acceleration will increase proportionally. If the students are able to find the slope of the graph they will note that it is 25 kg, which is the same as the mass of the dog. This is consistent with the relationship m = F/a.

There are many variations of this lab and the simulation is flexible enough to allow different types of exploration. In the chosen activity, the mass was kept constant and the force changed. Another option is to keep force constant and change the mass.
 
Closure (Reflect Anticipatory Set):
Have the students reflect on how Newton’s 2nd Law can be seen in the game of basketball or baseball. This can be verbal or written.
 
Assessments & notes
 
Plan for Independent Practice:
The Force Diagrams Practice Worksheet, Paper Football Diagrams Worksheet, and PhET Quantitative Force Lab can all be given as homework assignments (see attached Resources).
 
Assessment Based on Objectives:
Newton’s 2nd Law Quiz (see attached Resources)
 
Possible Connections to Other Subjects:
Physical Education/Fitness Class – students can practice kicking and punting.
Math – graphing and calculating.
English – written reflection on Newton’s 2nd Law experience and how it applies to other sports.
 
Adaptations & Extensions:
Quantitative Lab can be treated as an extension activity or variations can be created using the online PhET Forces Simulation software.
 
Additional Notes:
Activities can all be done as a unit or individual pieces can be taken and tailored as desired. Also, the PhET Simulations site contains other teacher lesson plans that can be downloaded.
 
 
 
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Submitted by NBCLearn on Fri, 10/08/2010 - 22:01


Title:

Newton's 2nd Law of Motion & Kicking

Grade Level:

6,7,8,9

Subject:

Science,Physical Science, Physics

Author:

NBCLearn

Time:

1-2 days

Lesson Plan Type:

Interactive Instruction

Keywords:

Newton’s 2nd Law, Motion, Force, Mass, Acceleration, Impulse, Momentum, Kicking, Football, Force Diagram, Net Force, Balanced Force, PhET Simulation, Science of NFL Football, NBC Learn

Brief Description:

Students will learn about Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion and how it applies to field goal kicking and punting. Students will analyze forces acting on a ball and determine whether the forces are unbalanced and whether the object is accelerating.


California State Standards Addressed:

Science/9/Physics)1.0

Related Links:

Link 1:
Link 2:
Link 3:

Goal(s):

  • To be able to understand and discuss Newton’s 2nd Law, force, impulse, and momentum.
  • To understand how these concepts apply to sports, such as football.

Specific Objectives:

Students will be able to:
  • Explain Newton’s 2nd Law, both verbally and mathematically
  • Explain impulse and momentum
  • Explain a net force
  • Analyze forces on an object
  • Draw force diagrams representing forces on an object
  • Discuss whether forces on an object are balanced or unbalanced
  • Use Online Physics Simulation software (PhET)
  • Build and play a game of paper football

Required Materials:

  • Computer and internet connection
  • Scrap paper (for paper football game)
  • Safety goggles

Anticipatory Set (Lead-in):

Ask the students to discuss what a force is (a push or a pull). Ask for examples in everyday life. Ask for examples of force in football. Ask if the students have ever kicked a football (or some other type of ball). What types of forces are pushing on the ball?

What can you do to make the ball go higher or farther?

Tell the students: “Today we will discuss how force affects kicking a football. “

Watch the NBC Learn video Newtons Second Law of Motion.

Lesson Plan Procedure:

Ask the students to discuss what a force is (a push or a pull). Ask for examples in everyday life. Ask for examples of force in football. Ask if the students have ever kicked a football (or some other type of ball). What types of forces are pushing on the ball?

What can you do to make the ball go higher or farther?

Tell the students: “Today we will discuss how force affects kicking a football. “
Introduce the concept of Newton’s 2nd Law. The students can be given the Reading Guide (see attached Resources) or the teacher can lead the discussion.

Force Diagrams
Discuss Force Diagrams and give the students the Force Diagrams Practice Worksheet (see attached Resources).
This can be introduced in class and given as homework. Set aside ample time to discuss this worksheet. Students often have misconceptions about forces and those can be addressed here. It is good to have the students do these on the whiteboard and share with the class during a classroom discussion.

Paper Football Activity
Obviously forces have a lot to do with football. But students probably should not play football in the classroom.

A fun way to play football anywhere and anytime is paper football (or finger football). It is a timeless classic, just like the real game of football. Also, it involves forces, just like the real game.

If you are not familiar with paper football, there are many tutorials on YouTube.com. A great one is:
Best How To Play Paper Football Tutorial Ever!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIlVe3yrMM0&feature=related

Now tell the students they are going to play paper football. Ask for a show of hands for all students who have played this before. Students will get paper and make paper footballs. They will then spend 10-15 minutes playing at their tables.

Tips:
  • For help playing the game see the video referenced above.
  • Students should wear safety glasses while playing this game, as field goal kicks could easily hit someone’s eye.
  • The teacher may want to have several footballs premade in order to save time. The students could also be assigned to make footballs at home the night before.

Online Force Simulation Game
Next, the students will play a crude online version of paper football. The goal here is to think about the forces involved on the paper football.

Click on the link below. The site hosts a Newton’s 2nd Law simulation, which can be useful for helping students learn about forces. After clicking on the link, click on the simulation image that appears on the screen.

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/forces-1d

The following link will take you to a video, which introduces a game (similar to paper football) that can be played using this site.

http://screencast.com/t/YmRjOTBk

Note: There are many other fun and useful simulations on the PhET website. Be sure to explore the other simulations available.

Give the students the Paper Football Diagrams Worksheet (see attached Resources). This can be given for homework. Be sure to discuss it the next day.

Quantitative Virtual Lab
Thus far, the discussion of Newton’s 2nd Law has been qualitative (no numbers or measurements). The next activity will allow students to do an online lab and take virtual measurements of force and acceleration. This activity can be considered optional or an extension, if necessary.

This activity is designed to be a fairly simple exploration of Newton’s 2nd Law. The students will note that as they increase the force, the acceleration will increase proportionally. If the students are able to find the slope of the graph they will note that it is 25 kg, which is the same as the mass of the dog. This is consistent with the relationship m = F/a.

There are many variations of this lab and the simulation is flexible enough to allow different types of exploration. In the chosen activity, the mass was kept constant and the force changed. Another option is to keep force constant and change the mass.

Closure (Reflect Anticipatory Set):

Have the students reflect on how Newton’s 2nd Law can be seen in the game of basketball or baseball. This can be verbal or written.

Plan for Independent Practice:

The Force Diagrams Practice Worksheet, Paper Football Diagrams Worksheet, and PhET Quantitative Force Lab can all be given as homework assignments (see attached Resources).

Assessment Based on Objectives:

Newton’s 2nd Law Quiz (see attached Resources)

Possible Connections to Other Subjects:

Physical Education/Fitness Class – students can practice kicking and punting.
Math – graphing and calculating.
English – written reflection on Newton’s 2nd Law experience and how it applies to other sports.

Adaptations and Extensions:

Quantitative Lab can be treated as an extension activity or variations can be created using the online PhET Forces Simulation software.

Additional Notes:

Activities can all be done as a unit or individual pieces can be taken and tailored as desired. Also, the PhET Simulations site contains other teacher lesson plans that can be downloaded.

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